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"body": "<p><span><span><b><span>Introduction to the family Hagada to celebrate Hillel Bar Mitsva- adapted from Rabbi Sacks commentary on Parashat Bo.</span></b></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><i><span><span>The Mitsva of telling of Yetsiat Mitzrayim.and the commemoration of Pessah is the first commandments the Jewish people received after they were told they could leave Egypt. But was it obvious?</span></span></i></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span> </span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Imagine you are the leader of a people that is enslaved and oppressed, that has suffered exile for more than two centuries. Now, after a series of miracles, it is about to go free. You assemble them and rise to address them. They are waiting expectantly for your words. This is a defining moment they will never forget. What will you speak about? Most people answer: freedom. That was Abraham Lincoln’s decision in the Gettysburg Address when he invoked the memory of “a new nation, conceived in liberty,” and looked forward to “a new birth of freedom.” Some suggest that they would inspire the people by talking about the destination that lay ahead, the “land flowing with milk and honey.” Yet others say they would warn the people of the dangers and challenges that they would encounter on what Nelson Mandela called “the long walk to freedom.” </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Any of these would have been the great speech of a great leader. Guided by God, Moses did none of these things. That is what made him a unique leader. If you examine the text in parshat Bo you will see that three times he reverted to the same theme: children, education and the distant future. </span></span><span><span>The Far Horizon Bo 5781 1 </span></span><span><span>And when your children ask you, “What do you mean by this rite?” you shall say, “It is the Passover sacrifice to the Lord, because He passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt when he smote the Egyptians, but saved our houses.” (Ex. 12:26-27) And you shall explain to your child on that day, “It is because of what the Lord did for me when I went free from Egypt.” (Ex. 13:8) And when, in time to come, your child asks you, saying, “What does this mean?” you shall say to him, “It was with a mighty hand that the Lord brought us out from Egypt, the house of bondage.” (Ex. 13:14) It is one of the most counter-intuitive acts in the history of leadership. Moses did not speak about today or tomorrow. He spoke about the distant future and the duty of parents to educate their children. He even hinted – as Jewish tradition understood – that we should encourage our children to ask questions, so that the handing on of the Jewish heritage would be not a matter of rote learning but of active dialogue between parents and children. So Jews became the only people in history to predicate their very survival on education. The most sacred duty of parents was to teach their children. Pesach itself became an ongoing seminar in the handing on of memory. Judaism became the religion whose heroes were teachers and whose passion was study and the life of the mind. The Mesopotamians built ziggurats. The Egyptians built pyramids. The Greeks built the Parthenon. The Romans built the Coliseum. Jews built schools. That is why they alone, of all the civilisations of the ancient world are still alive and strong, still continuing their ancestors’ vocation, their heritage intact and undiminished. Moses’ insight was profound. He knew that you cannot change the world by externalities alone, by monumental architecture, or armies and empires, or the use of force and power. How many empires have come and gone while the human condition remains untransformed and unredeemed? There is only one way to change the world, and that is by education. You have to teach children the importance of justice, righteousness, kindness and compassion. You have to teach them that freedom can only be sustained by the laws and habits of self-restraint. You have continually to remind them of the lessons of history, “We were slaves to Pharaoh in Egypt,” because those who forget the bitterness of slavery eventually lose the commitment and courage to fight for freedom. And you have to empower children to ask, challenge and argue. You have to respect them if they are to respect the values you wish them to embrace. </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>What God taught Moses was that the real challenge does not lie in gaining freedom; it lies in sustaining it, keeping the spirit of liberty alive in the hearts of successive generations. That can only be done through a sustained process of education. Nor is this something that can be delegated away to teachers and schools. Some of it has to take place within the family, at home, and with the sacred obligation that comes from religious duty. No one ever saw this more clearly than Moses, and only because of his teachings have Jews and Judaism survived. </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>The Sages said, “Who is wise? One who sees the long-term consequences [<i>ha-nolad</i>].” Two of the greatest leaders of the twentieth century, Churchill and Ben Gurion, were also distinguished historians. Knowing the past, they could anticipate the future. They were like Chess Masters who, because they have studied thousands of games, recognise almost immediately the dangers and possibilities in any configuration of the pieces on the board. They know what will happen if you make this move or that. </span></span><span><span>The Far Horizon Bo 5781 3 </span></span><b><span>“</span></b></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>If you want to be a great in any field, from Prime Minister to parent, it is essential to think long-term. <b>Never choose the easy option because it is simple or fast or yields immediate satisfaction. You will pay a high price in the end.</b> </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><b><span><span>Moshe knew that if you plan for a year, plant rice. If you plan for a decade, plant a tree. If you plan for posterity, educate a child. Moses’ lesson, thirty-three centuries old, is still compelling today.</span></span></b></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><b><i><span><span>Education comes in many forms but books, celebrations, food, simha are the best way imprint in the minds and in the heart. </span></span></i></b><i><span><span>And this is no coincidence that the next mitsva given to the Jews is the one of putting on the Tefilin as it says “it shall be upon your arm and an ornament between your eyes.” Bo 13-16. Freedom and education are mater of the mind and the heart. This Mitsva and the symbol of the Bar Mtisva have inside a daily reminder of Yetsiat Mitzrayim.</span></span></i></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><b><i><span><span>Many people put their mind and heart in this Hagada and we are very thankful </span></span></i></b></span></span></p>",
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"handle": "gateau-de-pessah",
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"covertext": "Gâteau Amande sirop Orange - Harissa de Pessah Ingrédient: Gâteau: 6 œufs blanc et Jaune sépares Un verre de sucre 250g...",
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"body": "<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Gâteau Amande sirop Orange - Harissa de Pessah</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></strong></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Ingrédient: </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Gâteau:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>6 œufs blanc et Jaune sépares</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Un verre de sucre</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>250g poudre d'amande</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Une cuillère de farine de Matza</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Sirop<span>:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>3/4 verre de jus d'orange presse et passe</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>1/2 verre de sucre</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>3 cuilleres de Brandy</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>2 batons de cannelle</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Faire chauffer le four a 180 Degrés. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Faire monter les blancs avec le sucre.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Rajouter les jaune, les amandes et la farine de matza. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Mélanger.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Cuire environ 25min )plat 25 cm de diamètre. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Dans un casserole faire chauffer les ingrédients du sirop jusqu'à ébullition. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Faire des trous <span>)</span>trous toujours de petit trous <span>😊</span> ) avec un cure-dents et verser le sirop pour imbiber le gâteau. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Décorer avec les bâtons de cannelle.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>",
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"handle": "pourquoi-l-oeuf-et-le-zroa-os-d-agneau-sont-sur-le-plateau-du-seder",
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"body": "<p><span><span><span><span><span>Pourquoi l’oeuf et le Zroa (Os d’agneau) sont sur le plateau du Seder.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Source: Rav Prof David Golinkin (<span>גולינקין</span>)</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><a href=\"https://schechter.ac.il/staff_member/david-golinkin/\"><b><span><span><span><span><span><span>הרב פרופ’ דוד גולינקין</span></span></span></span></span></span></b></a></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right;\"><span><span><span><span><b><span><span><span><span><a href=\"https://schechter.ac.il/staff_member/david-golinkin/\"><span><span><span>נשיא שוחרי עמותות שכטר</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:right;\"><span><span><span><b> </b></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span>Plusieurs questions:</span></span></span></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li><span><span><span>Obligation?</span></span></span></li>\n\t<li><span><span><span>Cuit ou Dur, en omelette?</span></span></span></li>\n\t<li><span><span><span>Peut- on / Doit - on le manger?</span></span></span></li>\n\t<li><span><span><span>Pour les Tunisiens, Marocains, Ashkenazes, ou pour tout le monde</span></span></span></li>\n\t<li><span><span><span>Si le Seder est Motzae Chabat, doit-on mettre l’œuf?</span></span></span></li>\n\t<li><span><span><span>Pour les vegetariens, peut on les remplacer? </span></span></span></li>\n\t<li><span><span><span>Peut etre que c’est pour réveiller les enfants qui dorment, en le cassant sur la tète?</span></span></span></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Je répondrai juste qu’a quelques questions, je vous invite a repondre aux autres!</span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span>Michna Pesahim <span><span><span><span><span>שנינו במשנה פסחים י’: ג</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>’</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>הביאו [השמשים] לפניו מצה וחזרת [=חסה](1) וחרוסת ושני תבשילין… ובמקדש מביאים [או: היו מביאים](2) לפניו גופו שלפסח [=של קרבן פסח]</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Apporter devant vous (sur le plateau) Matza, Salade verte, Harosset et <b>deux plats</b>.</span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span>Plusieurs Rabanim pensent que le Zroa et l’œuf sont les deux plats. Certain pensent que les deux plats sont les plats principaux qu'on mangeait le soir du seder à l’époque de la michna (Prof Tavori). On peut comparer avec d'autres exemples ou l'on parle de deux plats : erouv tavchilim, et aussi l’interdiction de faire deux plats a 9 be Av. un des plats courants a ces occasions est l’œuf dur. De la, on comprend que selon la michna, on <b>mangera</b> les deux plats le soir du seder comme on mange ceux du erouv tavchilim.</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Le Talmud Yerushalmi donne une autre raison – Korban (sacrifice) Hagiga et Korban Pessah. Le Rav Yossef rappelle dans le Talmud Babli: deux sortes de viande: une pour Pessah et une pour Hagiga.</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Le Rambam (halahot Pessah <span>ח´ : א ’</span> ) fixe de mettre sur le plat de seder deux sortes de viande. Une viande pour le Korban Pessah et une pour le Korkan Hagiga. </span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Le Korban Hagiga est le korban Shlemim que l’on apporte Yom Tov – Korban a base d’Agneau, Bœuf.</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>( <b><span><span><span><span><span>קרבן חגיגה</span></span></span></span></span></b><span><span><span><span><span> הוא </span></span></span></span></span><a href=\"https://www.yeshiva.org.il/wiki/index.php/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%9F\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>קרבן</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a> <span><span><span><span><span><span>שלמים</span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span> שהיו מקריבים ביום טוב הראשון של כל רגל מ</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>שלושת הרגלים</span></span></span></span></span>).</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>A partir du 12iem siècle, la tradition de l’œuf et du Zroa devient la tradition principale (Rav Yishak Ben aba Marie – Année 1190-1120 Marseille, Abraham de Lonil – an 1204 Tolede, Rav Vidal Tolosha - Espagne 14iem Siècle, Rav Alexander Zoslin – Ashkénaze Bruxell 1349, Rav Yossef Karo – Tzfat 1550).</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Un livre de tradition site qu’en France - Provence, on utilise l’os d’agneau pour rappeler qu’Hachem nous a fait sortir d’Egypte <span>בזרוע נטויה</span> (Rav ben Moshe de Vienne 1250-1180). Aussi le Rav David Manarbona<br />\n(<span>מנרבונא</span>) utilise un coup de Poulet et l’appelle <span>זרוע</span>!</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>De même pour l’œuf, on peut trouver des symboles. En Aramite l’œuf se dit BIHA (<span>ביעא</span>) – proche the <span>בעא\"</span> “ qui veut dire “Il Veut” (<span>הוא רצה</span>): Hachem a voulu (<span>רצה</span>) nous libérer – Rav Aharon Cohen de Lonil. Le rav Asher de Lonil a aussi donné cette explication (1211 Live des traditions Page 156 Ossef). </span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Le Rav Aharon Cohen et aussi le Rav Moshe Isrelish (<span>איסרליש</span>) donnent aussi comme symbole la destruction du temple (plat de deuil) –en effet le soir du seder tombe le même <i>jour de la semaine</i> que 9 be Av.</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>D’autres idées sont aussi apportées comme le fait que c’est un plat de fête pour les Romains, ou le fait que plus on le cuit plus il est dure comme il est écrit sur le peuple D’Israel (<span><span><span><span><span>“</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>וכאשר יענו אותו, כן ירבה וכן יפרוץ</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>”): </span></span></span></span></span>plus on le martyrisait plus il grandissait.</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><b>Dois t’on les manger ou pas?</b></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Là aussi les avis sont différents, les communautés Sépharades avaient l’habitude de les manger, d’autre Rav Ashkenaz ne sont pas cet avis. Le Rav Ovadia Yoseef autorise à manger le Zroa. Certain Rav rappellent le problème de Bal Tachrit (gachis). </span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>De toute façon, l’Os et l’œuf doivent être cuits (2 plats <span>תבשילים </span> selon la michna)</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Le <span>שולחן ערוך</span> parle de deux viandes : une viande dans un plat et une viande grillée <span><span><span><span><span>(</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>אורח חיים תע”ג: ד</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>’) </span></span></span></span></span>en souvenir du Korban Pessah et Hagiga.</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Une question intéressante: Le Korban Hagiga ne se faisait pas Samedi Soir!!! Certains Rav ont donc prescrit que Motzae Chabat, on ne met pas l’œuf sur le plat du seder. D’autres Rav ne sont pas d’accord, disant que le korban etait Vendredi et on le mangeait Samedi Soir, donc pas de changement.</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><b>En Résumé: </b></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Pendant la période du Talmud et des Geonim (-500, -1000)– deux plats étaient sur le plateau du seder et on les mangeait. Les deux plats étaient aussi en souvenir du Korban Pessah et Hagiga. </span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>A partir du Rav Yishak Ben aba Marie Marseille, de nombreuses communautés ont commencé à mettre un Os d’agneau et un Œuf sur le plateau du seder. Plus tard de nombreuses discussions existent sur le fait de les manger ou comment les cuisiner. Ce qui est sûr, c’est que les végétariens peuvent mettre d’autres plats comme des blettes (<span>מגנולד</span>) et du riz – selon Rav Ouna du Talmud (à l’époque du Talmud on mangeait du riz a Pessah <span>😊</span>, l’interdiction du Riz a commencé au 13iem siècle en France). </span></span></span></p>",
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"body": "<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span><span><b><span><span>PRINCIPAUX MINHAGIM (COUTUMES) TUNISIENNES POUR PESSAH</span></span></b></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><b><span><span>Les <i>Minhagim</i> tunisiens de Pessah commençaient dès Roch Hodech Nissan. </span></span></b></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><b><u><span><span>Roch Hodech Nissan :</span></span></u></b></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>La veille de Roch Hodech Nissan, nous allumions un <i>Kendil</i> (veilleuse à base d’huile d’olive) dans lequel nous mettions nos bijoux en or afin de nous rappeler que nous avions emporté avec nous lors de notre sortie d’Egypte les bijoux des Egyptiens.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Nous nous réunissions en famille pour préparer la <i>Pchicha</i>, (voir recette) mets constitué de céréales grillées et d’huile. Pour confectionner ce mélange pâteux, nous le mélangions à l’aide d’une clef symbolisant la réussite de notre <i>Parnassa. </i>Nous y mettions également des bijoux en or, pour nous faire pardonner la Faute du Veau d’Or, que nous enlevions bien évidement avant de le consommer. </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>La consistance de la <i>Pchicha</i> rappelle le mortier que nous utilisions lors de notre esclavage en Egypte. Mais elle porte aussi un message d’espoir car ce mortier servira à la construction du 3eme Beit HaMikdash.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><b><u><span><span>De Roch Hodech Nissan à la nuit du Seder : </span></span></u></b></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Les jours suivant Roch Hodech Nissan, nous étions tous affairés, comme dans beaucoup d’autres communautés, à la confection des paniers de Pessah destinés aux familles nécessiteuses.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>Nous nous consacrions au nettoyage de nos maisons, n’oubliant aucun recoin. La touche finale de ce nettoyage était le badigeonnage des murs (Mémé l’a toujours fait).</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>La cach</span></span><span><span>é</span></span><span><span>risation de la vaisselle était relativement simple. Il n’était pas nécessaire par exemple de cach</span></span><span><span>é</span></span><span><span>riser les verres.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>Nous avions l’habitude d’acheter de nouveaux habits, afin de nous faire sortir dignement et fièrement de notre esclavage. </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><b><u><span><span>Les derniers préparatifs : </span></span></u></b></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>Quelques jours avant Pessah, les familles achetaient un mouton, que l’on faisait abattre deux jours avant la soirée du <i>Seder</i>, symbolisant ainsi le <i>Korban Pessah'</i>, (sacrifice de Pessah).</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>Il est écrit dans la <i>Torah</i> que les Hébreux en Egypte avaient marqué le chambranle de leur porte d’entrée du sang du sacrifice, afin que leurs maisons soient épargnées de la plaie de la mort des premiers-nés qui fut affligée aux Egyptiens. (Chemot 12-7). Ayant vécus tant d’années en Tunisie, cette notion de protection s’était traduite en quelque chose de familier, très efficace contre le mauvais sort à savoir un signe de <i>Khamsa</i>, la main aux 5 doigts ! C’est la raison pour laquelle nos ancêtres en Tunisie marquaient le chambranle de la porte d’entrée de leur maison d'un signe de <i>Khamsa</i> revu et corrigé version Sortie d’Egypte : une main trempée au préalable dans le sang de l'agneau qui venait d’être égorgé. </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Le dernier acte précédant notre libération consistait à manger de la viande <i>Tsli-Ech</i>, qui veut dire littéralement, \"grillée sur le feu\", en souvenir du sacrifice de <i>Pessah'</i> que l'on faisait dans le Temple, appliquant ainsi à la lettre ce que nous lisons dans la <i>Torah</i>. C’est la raison du <i>Minhag</i> qui consiste à manger des grillades la veille de Pessah (Chemot 12-8) car il est à noter que nous ne pouvons manger de la viande fraichement rôtie au feu lors des premières jours de fête.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Nous utilisions le soir pour la <i>Bdikath Hametz </i>un couteau, pour mimer le geste de récurer des résidus de <i>Hametz</i>.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Pour le jeûne des Premiers-nés, les garçons avaient l’habitude de se rendre à la synagogue compléter un cycle d’études, ce qui les dispensait de jeûner. Les jeunes filles concernées par ce jeûne, quant à elles, attendaient à la maison que les garçons leur rapportent une partie de la Seouda organisée pour célébrer la fin du traité étudié (Talmud ou autres) et participaient aussi de cette manière à cette Mitzvah. </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Puis au matin, nous brûlions comme partout ailleurs notre <i>Hametz</i>.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>L</span></span><span><span>e repas de midi de ce jour de transition, du <i>Hametz</i> au <i>Casher-lé-Pessah'</i>, devant se consommer sans <i>Hametz</i> ni <i>Matzot, </i>nous avions l’habitude de manger généralement<i> </i>des œufs, des pommes de terre ou encore du riz et des légumes car la communauté juive d'origine tunisienne a coutume de consommer du riz à <i>Pessah' </i>(par contre nous devions éviter tout légume sec).</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Il est à noter la particularité de la <i>Matzah</i> tunisienne. Celle-ci était ronde, de 30 cm environ de diamètre et 1 cm d’épaisseur, (voir photo) </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><b><u><span><span>Le<i> Seder </i>: </span></span></u></b></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span>La première page de la Haggadah de mon Grand Père</span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Les différents composants du plateau de <i>Pessah</i> étaient disposés dans un <i>Chichtou, </i>un panier en osier, rappelant le panier voguant sur le Nil dans lequel fut déposé Moshe (voir photo le <b><i>Chichtou</i></b> de Grand-Père).</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>La base du <i>Haroseth</i>, était constituée des fruits cités dans le <i>Chir Ha chirim.</i></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Après le <i>Karpass</i> et <i>Yahass</i> nous entonnions « <i>Etmol Aynou Avadim… »</i>, (hier nous étions asservis aujourd’hui affranchis, ce jour nous sommes ici, l’an prochain au pays d’Israël, nous serons des hommes libres) tout en faisant tourner au-dessus des têtes de chacun des participants le <i>Chichtou</i> 3 fois. Nous rappelions ainsi les nuées protectrices entourant les Hébreux. Les dix éléments qui constituent le <i>Chichtou</i> rappelle également les dix <i>Sefirot </i>mentionnées dans la <i>Kabale</i> et en les faisant tournant au-dessous de nous, nous nous entourions de leur protection, nous enveloppant symboliquement dans la protection divine. </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>C’est alors que nous prenions la plus petite partie du <i>Yahass</i>, la plus grande constituant l’<i>Aphikomen</i>, la mettions dans un tissu ou une serviette formant ainsi un balluchon, que l’on portait à l’épaule en faisant le tour de notre appartement, puis revenions à table chantant les louanges de la Terre d’Israël. (Chemot 12-34)</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Nous nous sentions comme nos ancêtres les Hébreux qui quittèrent avec précipitation le pays de servitude, empaquetant à la va-vite leurs possessions et pour lesquelles un simple balluchon porté sur l’épaule suffisait, courant ainsi vers la liberté et la Terre qui leur avait été promise !</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Nous pensions qu’une des vertus de l’<i>Aphikomen</i> était de protéger les personnes qui partaient en mer. Un voyageur ne s’embarquait pas sans son morceau d’<i>Aphikomen</i> dans la poche, prêt à le jeter dans les flots en cas de tempête, assuré que sa </span></span><span><span><span><span>traversée serait calme et tranquille. Ceci en souvenir du Peuple Juif qui traversa la Mer Rouge à pieds secs. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>A l’annonce des 10 plaies, le père de famille versait le vin dans un récipient et la mère de famille le noyait en y versant de l’eau. Le récipient était ensuite le plus souvent brisé, jeté avec son contenu nous épargnant ainsi de ces fléaux. La coutume tunisienne consiste à répéter ce procédé 16 fois, 3 fois avant les 10 plaies et 3 fois après.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span>La Matza accrochée au mur.</span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>La traduction de la <i>Haggadah</i> était en judéo-arabe.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Le repas traditionnel de Pessah était le <i>Moske</i> (voir recette) dont la Guematria en hébreu est 210, nombre de nos années d’exil en Egypte.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Les chants clôturant le <i>Seder</i> se chantaient en judéo-arabe.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>La <i>Afatar</i> du dernier jour de Pessah, (le huitième en diaspora) qui donne un aperçu des temps messianiques, était traduite en plusieurs langues : araméen, arabe, judéo-arabe, français etc.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Le soir du dernier jour de Pessah, nous déposions des feuilles de salade dans les chambres au-dessus des armoires ou encore sur les commodes. Nous récitions en arabe, en </span></span><span><span><span><span>accrochant ces feuilles verdoyantes <i>Khadarna-ou-A'm-Akhdar</i>, qui signifie \"Nous fleurirons, que cette année soit verte\", car Nissan est le 1<sup>er</sup> mois du calendrier juif et le début du printemps. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Nous </span></span></span></span><span><span>accrochions une <i>Matzah</i> sur un mur, (voir photo) jusqu’au Pessah suivant, délimitant de cette manière un « Erouv de Patio » autorisant ainsi le transport de plats et objets divers durant Shabbat aux résidents des habitations se trouvant autour de cette cour centrale. </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>La fin de Pessah consistait en une course effrénée vers un sandwich tunisien (voir photo) ou une brique à l’œuf !</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n",
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"body": "<p><span><span><b>Ingrédients pour la Pchicha sfaxienne :</b></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span>1/2 kilo de blé</span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span>165 gr de févettes décortiquées </span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span>300 gr de pois chiches</span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span>80 gr de graines de coriandre (tabeul)</span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span>80 gr de graines d'anis (bechbèche)</span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span>20 gr de cumin</span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span>20 gr de carvi (keryilla)</span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span>1 pelure d'orange desséchée et pilée</span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span>Note : selon la recette de ma belle-mère Miha Bouhnik (zal)</span></span></p>",
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"body": "<p><span><span><span><span>Cette discussion se passe après la destruction du Second Temple, dans la Yechiva ou sont réunis tous les grands Sages, rescapés de la destruction de Yerouchalayim et qui se trouve dans la ville de Yavne.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Le président du Tribunal Rabbinique du moment, Rabbi Elazar Ben Azaria, pose une question concernant le Chema que nous disons 2 fois par jour, le matin et le soir : «<i> Est-ce que, le soir, nous devons lire le 3eme paragraphe du Chema qui contient un verset qui rappelle la sortie d’Égypte : -Moi, je suis H’ votre Dieu qui vous est fait sortir du pays d’Égypte - ou nous devons le lire seulement le matin ? »</i></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>La réponse est donnée par un autre Sage qui s’appelle Ben Zoma. Il rapporte un verset de la Torah qui dit : «<i> Afin que tu te rappelles de la sortie d’Égypte<b><u> tous</u></b> les jours de ta vie ». </i>Le mot<i> « tous » </i>est en trop ! Alors , a quoi il sert ? Et Ben Zoma explique : s’il y avait écrit «<i> les jours de ta vie</i> » , on rappellerait la sortie d’Égypte que le jour, mais comme il est dit : « <i>tous les jours de ta vie</i> » , c’est pour t’apprendre qu’il faut rappeler la sortie d’Egypte les jours et les nuits.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Les autres Sages ne sont pas d’accord avec Ben Zoma, Ils lui disent que le mot « tous » qui est en trop est la pour nous dire que,mème a l’époque messianique, c’est-a-dire a notre dernière délivrance, nous devons continuer a rappeler la sortie d’Égypte.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Et la suite de la discussion est rapporter dans la Guemara :</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>Ben Zoma n’est pas d’accord avec la dernière interpretation . Et, pour cela,il rapporte un verset du prophète Jeremie qui dit : «<i> Des jours viendront, dit H’, <b>ou l’on ne dira plus</b> : -Vivant est H’ qui a fait monter les Enfants d’Israel du pays d’Egypte- mais - Vivant est H’ qui a ramené la Maison d’Israël de tous les pays ou je les avais exiles, et ils résideront sur leur Terre- »</i></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>C’est-a-dire que Ben Zoma pense que, d’après Jeremie,quand nous reviendrons sur notre terre pour vivre notre délivrance et notre indépendance (donc, la période actuelle!), alors l’importance de cette délivrance est prépondérante a la délivrance de la sortie d’Égypte et, c’est pour cette délivrance d’abord que nous devons remercier H’..</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>C’est-a-dire que la fête de Yom Haatsmaout devient plus importante que la fête de Pessah que, bien sur, nous devons continuer a célébrer comme il se doit...mais en seconde place !!!</span></span></span></span></p>",
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"body": "<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span><span><span><span>RECETTE DE PESSAH : TAJINE D’AGNEAU A LA TRUFFE BLANCHE(TERFASS) ET AUX PRUNEAUX</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><b><u><span><span>Ingrédients</span></span></u></b><span><span> : (pour 6 personnes)</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- Une épaule d’agneau de 1.5 a 2kg</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- 1 kg de truffes blanches (fraîches ou en conserve)</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- 6 gousses d’ail</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- 1 kg d’oignons</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- safran (quelques fils)</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- rass-el-hanout (1 cuillère de café)</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- 3 feuilles de laurier</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- 3 échalotes</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- sel,poivre</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- huile d’olive</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- 500 grammes de pruneaux</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- 100 grammes de noix</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>- 200 grammes d’amandes émondées</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><b><u><span><span>Recette</span></span></u></b></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>1, Si les truffes sont fraîches, bien les laver et les mettre dans un récipient avec de l’eau salée, porter a ébullition et les faire cuire 10 minutes, égoutter, réserver</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>1bis, Dans un fait-tout, éplucher,émincer les échalotes, mettre les truffes (si petites, entières ; si grosses, coupées en 2/3) et les faire dorer dans un peu d’huile d’olive avec du sel , du poivre, une pincée de curcuma et une feuille de laurier</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>2, Éplucher les oignons et l’ail , les émincer et les faire dorer dans une poêle avec huile d’olive,sel, poivre ;réserver</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>3, Farcir les pruneaux dénoyautes avec les noix ; mettre dans un fait-tout ; recouvrir avec une quantité moyenne d’eau ; porter a ébullition puis mettre a feu doux en couvrant jusqu’à absorption totale du liquide ; réserver</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>4, Dans une poêle antiadhésive, faire legerement frire les amandes dans un peu d’huile d’olive; réserver</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>5. Dans un grand fait-tout, faire revenir les morceaux d’agneau dans un peu d’huile, de tous les cotes</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>6, Dans ce dernier fait-tout , ajouter les oignons, l’ail, le safran, le rass-el-hanout, le sel, le poivre ; ajouter de l’eau jusqu’à couvrir la viande ; porter a ébullition ; couvrir ; se mettre en feu moyen et laisser mijoter au moins 1h30 ( vérifier la cuisson de la viande a l’aide d’un couteau jusqu’à obtenir une viande très tendre et un aspect confis)</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span><span><span>7, Servir l’agneau avec quelques truffes, quelques pruneaux farcis et quelques amandes</span></span></span></span></p>",
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"covertext": "Midrash Rabba Bereshit 38:19 [Genèse 11:28 dit:] \"Et Haran mourut en présence de son père Terach.\" Le rabbin Hiyya a dé...",
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"body": "<p><span><span><span><span><span>Midrash Rabba Bereshit 38:19</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>[Genèse 11:28 dit:] \"Et Haran mourut en présence de son père Terach.\" </span></span><span><span>Le rabbin Hiyya a déclaré: Terach était un fabricant d'idoles. Il est parti une fois quelque part et a laissé Abraham pour les vendre à sa place. Un homme est entré et a souhaité en acheter un. \"Quel âge avez-vous?\" Abraham a demandé à l'homme. «Cinquante ans», dit-il. \"Malheur à un tel homme, qui a cinquante ans et adorerait un objet vieux d'un jour!\" Dit Avraham. À une autre occasion, une femme est entrée avec une assiette de farine et lui a demandé: «Prenez ceci et offrez-le-leur». Alors il prit un bâton et les cassa, et le mit dans la main du plus grand. Quand son père est revenu, il a demandé: \"Que leur avez-vous fait?\" \"Je ne peux pas vous le cacher. Une femme est venue avec une assiette de bon repas et m'a demandé de leur offrir. L'une a déclaré:\" Je dois d'abord manger \", tandis qu'une autre a déclaré:\" Je dois d'abord manger \". Là-dessus, le plus grand s'est levé, a pris le bâton et l'a cassé. \" \"Pourquoi fais-tu du sport avec moi? Ont-ils des connaissances?\" Dit Terach. \"Vos oreilles ne devraient-elles pas entendre ce que votre bouche a dit?\" Dit Avraham. Là-dessus, Terach le saisit et le livra à Nimrod. «Adorons le feu», dit Nimrod. «Adorons plutôt l'eau qui éteint le feu», dit Avraham. «Adorons l'eau», dit Nimrod. «Adorons plutôt les nuages qui portent l'eau», dit Avraham. «Adorons alors les nuages», dit Nimros. «Adorons le vent qui disperse les nuages», dit Avraham. «Adorons le vent», dit Nimrod. \"Adorons les êtres humains qui peuvent résister au vent\", a déclaré Avraham. «Vous ne faites que bander des mots, et nous n'adorerons rien d'autre que le feu. Voici, je vous jetterai dedans, et je laisserai votre Dieu que vous adorez venir vous en sauver! Dit Nimrod. Maintenant, Haran se tenait là indécis. «Si Avraham est victorieux, je dirai que je suis de la croyance d’Avraham, tandis que si Nimrod est victorieux, je dirai que je suis du côté de Nimrod», pensa-t-il. Quand Avraham est descendu dans la fournaise ardente et a été sauvé, Nimrod lui a demandé, \"De quelle croyance êtes-vous?\" «D'Abraham», répondit-il. Là-dessus, il le saisit et le jeta au feu; ses entrailles ont été brûlées et il est mort en présence de son père. C'est pourquoi il est écrit: «Et Haran mourut en présence de son père Terach».</span></span></span></span></span></p>",
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"covertext": "Quel bonheur pour des parents de célébrer la fête de Pessah en famille. Chaque enfant présent est le reflet d’une autre...",
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"body": "<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span>Quel bonheur pour des parents de célébrer la fête de Pessah en famille. Chaque enfant présent est le reflet d’une autre facette du bonheur familial, chacun avec sa singularité irremplaçable. Il se peut qu’il y’ait un enfant (ou plusieurs) qualifiable de « Sages » ; mais, profondément, est-ce véritablement ce qualificatif qui le rend unique ? Ce passage de la Hagada ne commence qu’à peine à nous interpeller. Car que dire de l’enfant qualifié de « rasha » ? Quel parent considérerait-il le moindre de ses trésors vivants, comme un rasha ?</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span>Si on poussait <span>un peu le trait, on pourrait dire que, pour le moins, l’enfant « rasha » a du caractère, une forte personnalité, et à l’image d’un bolide qui file à toute vitesse en sens inverse, il a au moins le potentiel de prendre conscience de la bonne direction pour ajuster sa conduite, et ainsi celui-ci même pourrait </span>être le plus rapide dans le sens de la bonne marche.</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span>Mais que dire dans ce cas de l’enfant que l’on qualifierait de « simple » ? Quel parent ne serait-il pas capable de trouver la moindre qualité, ni plus qu’un défaut marquant au moins le potentiel d’une remise en question ?</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span>Tout cela nous laisse un peu sans voix, à l’image au final du quatrième enfant mentionné, et par cela, nous incite à nous poser des questions en tant que parents plutôt qu’à poser des questions à l’autre ?</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span>En faisant précéder (de manière tout à fait singulière) la désignation de chacun des enfants par le nombre 1 (é’had, que la langue sainte ne confond pas avec l’article indéfini « un »), la Hagada nous enseigne qu’au-delà et avant tout qualificatif, chaque enfant est un enfant unique, à l’image de H’ E’had. Au point que de manière essentielle, les parents affirment ici que, peu importe les désignations du monde extérieur, lorsque l’on est réuni autour de la table du père, c’est bien son caractère essentiel qui ressort. La réunion et l’unité familiale rassemble autour de la même et unique table des frères et sœurs sans aucune distinction de qualité et de défaut, pour faire ressortir leur bien commun essentiel. </span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span>D’autre part, l’enfant extérieurement qualifié de « rasha » est intentionnellement placé à proximité immédiate du « sage » pour que le « sage » ne reste pas indifférent et aide son frère à retourner vers le bien. C’est alors que la réunion familiale marque une vraie union. Quand un Juif ne met pas encore en pratique les préceptes divins, il faut s’occuper de lui et l’aimer encore plus, pour qu’il parvienne à le faire. Mais face à une telle responsabilité, l’enfant « sage» n’a pas à s’enorgueillir de son intelligence, car seule l’intégrité est garante du bon usage de l’intelligence. C’est là aussi qu’intervient celui que l’on croyait simple. Sa simplicité est la preuve de son humilité. Dans les écrits de hassidout, l’innocence de l’enfant simple met en valeur sa capacité à s’élever au-delà des limites de l’intellect devant la Sagesse divine.</span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span>Au niveau spirituel, ce Texte représente les enfants d’Israel réunis auprès de notre Père qui est au Ciel. Le bonheur véritable de notre Roi est de voir Ses enfants, dont il considère et affectionne chacun comme un enfant unique (dans tous les sens du terme), lorsqu’ils sont réunis et unis autour de la même table. Nous sommes sortis d’Egypte, mais nous ne serons sortis d’Exil que lorsque tous les enfants d’Israel seront effectivement réunis. Certes, nous sommes déjà 4 enfants autour de la table, certes l’enfant qualifié de « rasha » a rejoint la table du père, mais la question qui reste est : qu’en est-il du 5<sup>e</sup> enfant d’ Hachem, celui qui n’est pas encore autour de la table ? S’il est nécessaire d’accomplir toutes les mitsvot avec détermination, combien plus en est-il lorsqu’il s’agit d’aimer son prochain en le rapprochant de la table de notre Père H’ E’had.</span></span></span></p>",
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"title": "הא לחמא עניא",
"author": "noham bouhnik",
"author_handle": "noham-bouhnik",
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"covertext": "On ouvre la הגדה avec un texte en arameen, et il est revelateur de voir que garder la tradition c est entre autre garder...",
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"body": "<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>On ouvre la הגדה avec un texte en arameen, et il est revelateur de voir que garder la tradition c est entre autre garder la langue, la facon de parler.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>Le peuple a l epoque de l ecriture de la hagada parlait arameen. il n y avait que les תלמידי חכמים les erudits qui connaissaient la langue sainte. On voit la meme chose pour le kaddish, la ketouba, ou kol nidre qui rassemble la grande majorite du peuple juif le soir de kippour.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>כל דכפין ייתי ויכול</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>C est une invitation au debut de la lecture de la hagada a tout celui qui n a pas les moyens de feter a sa propre table.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>On n' ouvre pas la porte seulement a eliahou hanavi a la fin mais au debut, quand la table est mise et prete pour les invites.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>ושמחת בחגך אתה ובנך ובתך ועבדך ואמתך, והלוי והגר והיתום והאלמנה אשר בשעריך <span><span>(דברים טז,יד)</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>Ie est ecrit dans le midrash תנחומא que D. nous dit: si tu rejouis mes 4 a moi (le levi,l etranger, l orphelin et la veuve), moi je rejouirai les 4 tiens (ton fils, ta fille, ton serviteur, ta servante)</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>כל דכפין ייתי ויפסח</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>Il ne s agit pas seulement du pauvre qui materiellement n as pas de quoi se nourrir mais aussi de celui qui n'as pas de connaissance des traditions ou de l histoire du peuple juif et je rajouterai qui n a pas conscience de faire partie du עם סגולה. </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>סגולה de la racine מסוגל- qui est capable- parce que D. est avec lui. Mais aussi un peuple particulier parce qu il a vu des miracles et a ete choisi par D.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>C est le moment de parler d une autre particularite du peuple juif: כל ישראל ערבים זה לזה – la responsabilite collective du peuple juif</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>On pourrait supposer qui l est temps de supprimer une phrase comme il apparait dans ce passage de la hagada: \"השתא עבדי, לשנה הבאה בני חורין\"</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>Cette annee je suis esclave, l annee prochaine je suis libre.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>Esclave des nations en exil, libre je serai dans mon pays.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>N avons nous pas Israel? Pour les habitant d isarel cette phrase n est-elle pas caduque?</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>Eh bien, la reponse est dans le precepte de כל ישראל ערבים זה לזה.</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>De la meme manière que le plus grand juste lis les תחנונים et s accuse de toutes les fautes graves a yom kippour, et sais qu il n a pas tue par exemple, mais s inscrit dans le peuple dans son entite, nous aussi le soir de pessah esperons voir le peuple juif dans son entite libre sur sa terre בני חורין</span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>La grande majorite de ce commentaire est du רב מאיר לאו</span></span></span></span></p>",
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"handle": "had-gadya-29",
"title": "Had Gadya",
"author": "noham bouhnik",
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"covertext": "Chad Gadya) חַד גַדְיָא חַד גַּדְיָאחַד גַּדְיָא דְּזַבִּין אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא וְאָתָא ש...",
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"body": "<p><span><span><span><strong><u><span><span><span>Chad Gadya) חַד גַדְיָא </span></span></span></u></strong></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>חַד גַּדְיָאחַד גַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּזַבִּין אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>וְאָתָא שׁוּנְרָא, וְאָכְלָה לְגַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּזַבִּין אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>וְאָתָא כַלְבָּא ,וְנָשַׁךְ לְשׁוּנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּזַבִּין אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>וְאָתָא חוּטְרָא, וְהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשׁוּנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּזַבִּין אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>וְאָתָא נוּרָא, וְשָׂרַף לְחוּטְרָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא ,דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשׁוּנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּזַבִּין אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>וְאָתָא מַיָּא, וְכָבָה לְנוּרָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּשָׂרַף לְחוּטְרָא ,דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשׁוּנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּזַבִּין אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>וְאָתָא תוֹרָא, וְשָׁתָה לְמַיָּא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּכָבָה לְנוּרָא ,דְּשָׂרַף לְחוּטְרָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשׁוּנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּזַבִּין אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>וְאָתָא הַשּׁוֹחֵט, וְשָׁחַט לְתוֹרָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּשָׁתָה לְמַיָּא ,דְּכָבָה לְנוּרָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּשָׂרַף לְחוּטְרָא, דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשׁוּנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּזַבִּין אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>וְאָתָא מַלְאַךְ הַמָּוֶת, וְשָׁחַט לְשׁוֹחֵט</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּשָׁחַט לְתוֹרָא,דְּשָׁתָה לְמַיָּא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּכָבָה לְנוּרָא, דְּשָׂרַף לְחוּטְרָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא, דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשׁוּנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּזַבִּין אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>וְאָתָא הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>וְשָׁחַט לְמַלְאַךְ הַמָּוֶת ,דְּשָׁחַט לְשׁוֹחֵט</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּשָׁחַט לְתוֹרָא, דְּשָׁתָה לְמַיָּא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּכָבָה לְנוּרָא, דְּשָׂרַף לְחוּטְרָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּהִכָּה לְכַלְבָּא ,דְּנָשַׁךְ לְשׁוּנְרָא, דְּאָכְלָה לְגַּדְיָא</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>דְּזַבִּין אַבָּא בִּתְרֵי זוּזֵי</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>חַד גַּדְיָא, חַד גַּדְיָא</span></span></span><span><span><span>,</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>One little goat</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>One little goat, one little goat Which my father bought for two zuzim*</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>One little goat, one little goat The cat came, and ate the goat Which my father bought for two zuzim</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>One little goat, one little goat The dog came, and bit the cat, that ate the goat, Which my father bought for two zuzim</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>One little goat, one little goat The mother with stick came, and beat the dog that bit the cat, that ate the goat, Which my father bought for two zuzim</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>One little goat, one little goat The fire came, and burned the stick that beat the dog, that bit the cat, that ate the goat, Which my father bought for two zuzim.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>One little goat, one little goat The water came, and extinguished the fire, that burned the stick, that beat the dog that bit the cat, that ate the goat Which my father bought for two zuzim</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>One little goat, one little goat The ox came, and drank the water, that extinguished the fire, that burned the stick, that beat the dog, that bit the cat, that ate the goat, Which my father bought for two zuzim.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>One little goat, one little goat The slaughterer (Shohet) came, and killed the ox, that drank the water, that extinguished the fire that burned the stick, that beat the dog, that bit the cat, that ate the goat, Which my father bought for two zuzim</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>One little goat, one little goat The angel of death came, and slew the slaughterer, who killed the ox, that drank the water that extinguished the fire, that burned the stick that beat the dog, that bit the cat, that ate the goat, Which my father bought for two zuzim</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>One little goat, one little goat Then came the Holy One, Blessed be He and smote the angel of death, who slew the slaughterer who killed the ox, that drank the water that extinguished the fire, that burned the stick that beat the dog, that bit the cat, that ate the goat, Which my father bought for two zuzim One little goat, one little goat</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>Un kavretiko ke lo merko mi padre por dos levanim, por dos levanim. </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>I vino el gato i se komio al kavretiko ke lo merko mi padre por dos levanim. </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>I vino el perro i modrio al gato ke se komio al kavretiko ke lo merko mi padre por dos levanim. </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>I vino el palo i aharvo al perro ke modrio al gato,ke se komio al kavretiko ke lo merko mi padre por dos levanim. </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>I vino el fuego i kemo al palo ke aharvo al perro,ke modrio al gato, ke se komio al kavretiko ke lo merko mi padre por dos levanim. </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>I vino la agua i amato al fuego ke kemo al palo, ke aharvo al perro, ke modrio al gato, ke se komio al kavretiko ke lo merko mi padre por dos levanim. </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>I vino el buey i se bevio la agua ke amato al fuego, ke kemo al palo, ke aharvo al perro, ke modrio al gato, ke se komio al kavretiko ke lo merko mi padre por dos levanim. </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>I vino el shohet i degoyo al buey ke se bevio la agua, ke amato al fuego, ke kemo al palo, ke aharvo al perro, ke modrio al gato, ke se komio al kavretiko ke lo merko mi padre por dos levanim. </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>I vino el mal’ah amavet i degoyo al shohet ke degoyo al buey, ke se bevio la agua, ke amato al fuego, ke kemo al palo, ke aharvo al perro, ke modrio al gato, ke se komio al kavretiko</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>ke lo merko mi padre por dos levanim. I vino el Santo Bendicho El i degoyo al mal’ah amavet ke degoyo al shohet, ke degoyo al buey, ke se bevio la agua, ke amato al fuego, ke kemo al palo, ke aharvo al perro, ke modrio al gato, ke se komio al kavretiko ke lo merko mi padre por dos levanim.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><i><span><span>Chad Gadya</span></span></i><span><span> – An Only Kid.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>This colorful song features a kid (a baby goat) purchased by “my father” for the price of two zuz, an ancient coin.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>No sooner does he buy the kid, it is eaten by “the cat,” which is in turn bitten by “the dog,” which itself suffers being beaten by “the stick.” The stick doesn’t get off lightly for its beating; it is burnt by “the fire,” which is naturally doused by “the water.”</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>What happens to the water seems quite natural: it gets lapped up by “the ox,” which leads to the fatal slaughtering of the ox by “the butcher.” The butcher faces none other than the Angel of Death, and in case you thought that this dastardly fellow was invincible, he is ultimately vanquished at the conclusion of the song by the Holy One, Blessed be He.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The symbolic meaning of this sequence of people, animals and objects remained obscure until the Vilna Gaon presented the following interpretation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Each verse alludes to one person or event in Jewish history:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span><span>The kid</span></span></b><span><span> is the birthright mentioned in Genesis 25. This is the right to take the baton that had been passed from Abraham to Isaac, to continue Abraham’s mission to build a world full of loving kindness and monotheism and devoid of idolatry, child sacrifice and other evils.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span><span>My father</span></span></b><span><span> is Jacob who bought the birthright from his twin brother Esau, who had been born first and thus had the natural right to the birthright.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span><span>The two zuzim</span></span></b><span><span> are the bread and stew Jacob paid Esau for the birthright.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span><span>The cat</span></span></b><span><span> represents the envy of Jacobs’s sons toward their brother Joseph’s, leading them to sell him into slavery in Egypt.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span><span>The dog</span></span></b><span><span> is Egypt, where Joseph landed, and where eventually the entire clan of Jacob and the subsequent Israelite nation lived, were enslaved and were redeemed.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span><span>The stick</span></span></b><span><span> is the famous staff of Moses, used to call forth various plagues and part the waters of the Sea for the Israelites to cross.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span><span>The fire</span></span></b><span><span> represents the thirst for idolatry among Israelites that proved to be a persistent bane for over 800 years, from the year they left Egypt until the destruction of the First Temple in the Fifth Century BCE.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span><span>The water</span></span></b><span><span> represents the Fourth Century BCE sages who eradicated idolatry.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span><span>The ox</span></span></b><span><span> is Rome (Esau’s descendent) who destroyed the 2nd Temple in 70 CE.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span><span>The butcher</span></span></b><span><span> is the “Messiah Son of Joseph” (Mashiach Ben-Yoseph) who will restore full Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span><span>The Angel of Death</span></span></b><span><span> needs no introduction; in this song he represents the death of Messiah Ben-Yoseph</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b><span><span>The Holy One</span></span></b><span><span> of course also needs no introduction; here He arrives with Messiah Ben-David.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The repetition in each stanza underscores the ebb and flow of Jewish history – sometimes we’re down, but then we rise up. While most of the song looks backwards, it ends with an optimistic view toward the future, a fitting conclusion to the Seder.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>",
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"title": "Had Gadya | Passover haggadah by noham bouhnik",
"description": "Our simple platform allows you to create a custom Passover Haggadah, with access to unique content contributed by our community. Find artwork, family",
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"og:title": "Had Gadya | Passover haggadah by noham bouhnik",
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"handle": "clp6082dbe1629128efebfba87156c528be",
"title": "עבדים היינו",
"author": "noham bouhnik",
"author_handle": "noham-bouhnik",
"author_initials": "NB",
"covertext": "ב\"עבדים היינו\" מתחיל כאן באמת המגיד, מה שהיה כתוב לפני, זה היה כדי לקיים \"כל המרבה לספר ביציאת מצרים הרי זה משובח.\" עוד...",
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"body": "<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>ב\"עבדים היינו\" מתחיל כאן באמת המגיד, מה שהיה כתוב לפני, זה היה כדי לקיים \"כל המרבה לספר ביציאת מצרים הרי זה משובח.\"</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>עוד דבר: אשרינו שזכינו לומר כל בוקר \"שלא עשני עבד\" כי עבדות היא הדבר הכי שפל שיכול לקרות לאדם. ולמרות זאת הרב אבינר אמר שיש בעבדות מדרגות שהן:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<ol>\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>המדרגה הכי גבוהה שיכולה להיות, היא שאתה עבד למלך שלך.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>מדרגה פחות טובה היא להיות עבד למלך שלא שלך, אך הוא מולך במדינה שלך.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>והמדרגה הכי גרועה זה המדרגה והמצב שעם ישראל היה במצרים, וזה להיות עבד למלך שלא שלך וגם שלא בארץ שלך.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n</ol>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>\"עבדים היינו\"</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>\"לפרעה\"- מלך רשע ואכזרי</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>\"במצרים\"- בארץ נוכרייה וטמאה</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n</ul>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>ריבונו של עולם שינה את הכל לטובה:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<ul>\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>\"ויוציאנו\"- מרמה של עבדים, לדרגה של בנים</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>\"ד' אלוהינו\"- ההפך ממלך נוכרי, לעבדים לד', ולא עבדים לעבדים</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>\"משם\"- מארץ נוכרייה ושנואה</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li>\n</ul>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>שנזכה כולנו להיות עבדים רק של ד' יתברך! </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>מזל טוב </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>להלל לרגל בר המצווה.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span>שמואל תמר, יונתן, אביגיל</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span>אוריאל, אפרת, אלישע, נעמי</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span>הדסה ונהוראי</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Every morning when we are reciting the berahot, we express our gratitude to Hashem for not making us slaves (shelo asani iveri).</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Rabbi Aviner mentions that there are several degrees of slavery:</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The highest is working for your king, then working for a foreign king in your own country, finally the lowest is the status of the Hebrews in Egypt, being slaves to a foreign king in a foreign land. Hashem elevated the Hebrews from this lowest rank to the level of being the king of king children. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>",
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"body": "<p><span><span><span><span><span>When the non-Jewish world, and even those of the Jewish world who have strayed from the Jewish way of life, challenge the observant and practicing Jew: You, who like us, live in a materialistic world, in the midst of a highly competitive society, facing a desperate struggle for economic survival, how can you escape subservience to the idolatry of the land (be it the dollar, or the fear to be \"different\", etc.)? How can you adhere to a code of 613 precepts which \"burden\" your life and limit your competitiveness at every side and turn? go out on a long and perilous journey, without provision, but with absolute reliance on the word of G-d coming through Moshe Rabeinu. And as in the case of Yetzias Mitzraim, when the Jews responded to the Divine call and precepts, disregarding so-called rational considerations, and breaking with the negative past, it turned out that precisely the application of this principle in actual life was the road to their true happiness, and not only spiritually (receiving the Torah and becoming the G-d chosen people and holy nation), but also The answer is-Yetzias Mitzraim (departure from Egypt) provides materially (in coming to the Promised Land, flowing with milk and the clue. honey). redn So it is also today and always. By virtue of the Divine Law, which. is called Toras Chayim, the Law of Life, and the Mitzvos, whereby Jews live and experience in daily life, regardless of how the past nad One of the fundamental features of the Yetzias Mitzraim message is the unlimited Bitachon--the absolute reliance on Divine Providence-which found such poignant expression in the historic event of the Exodus from Egypt. A whole people, men, women and been, the Jew attaches himself to the Creator and Master of children, several million in number, eagerly leave a well-settled and prosperous country, with all its fleshpots and material blessings, and World, and liberates himself from all \"natural\" restrictions a limitations, and attains his true happiness, materially and spinituan.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>Excerpt from a Letter written by the Rebbe on 1t Nissan 37a</span></span></span></span></span></p>",
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Since the Temple was destroyed (70 AD), it is customary to end the meal by eating matzah, after which nothing is eaten.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span>Why cut the middle matzah? The matzah represents our poverty and enslavement in Egypt, which is why it is called 'lehem ani” the bread of the poor. The poor can't afford to buy it whole, they will only get a portion.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span>However, as on every Shabbat and holiday there is a mitzvah to bless the bread, so three matzahs are used, the middle matzah is broken in two to represent the bread of the poor, and the upper and lower matzah remain intact for the mitzvah of blessing the bread.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span>The portion saved for Afikoman is wrapped in a napkin and it is customary to place the 'afikoman' slightly on the shoulder, a reminder of the matzahs carried by the Bnei Israel on their shoulders during Yetziat Misraim. </span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>For me the middle matzah also represents the parting of the Red Sea.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>Avital</span></span></span></span></span></p>",
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"body": "<p><b>The Search for Hameitz The formal search for leaven (חמץ בדיקת (is conducted on the night before Pesach. This symbolizes the final removal of leaven from the home.</b></p>\n\n<p><b>Ner Hashem nichmat adam - The light of G’d is the soul of a person- Explain in Pesachim 7: just like a person needs to look all the cracks of the house for hametz, a person needs to search for the places of his soul so they know it is testifying the right way to act.</b></p>\n\n<p><b>Before the search, it is customary to deposit small pieces of bread (ten pieces, according to kabbalistic lore) in strategic places so that the inspection should have a purpose. It is traditionally carried out by the light of a candle </b><b>(according to some rabbis - it is allowed to search with flashlight because it is less dangerous) </b><b>, with a feather and a wooden spoon to collect the hameitz; all this is set aside until morning. If erev Pesach occurs on Shabbat, we search for hameitz on Thursday evening. </b></p>\n\n<p><b>Before the search, recite:</b></p>\n\n<p><b>בָּרוּךְ אַתָּה יְהֹוָה אֱלֹהֵינוּ מֶלֶךְ הָעוֹלָם אֲשֶׁר קִדְּשָׁנוּ בְּמִצְוֹתָיו וְצִוָּנוּ עַל בִּיעוּר חָמֵץ:</b></p>\n\n<p><b>Barukh atah Adonai Eloheinu melekh haolam, asher kid’shanu b’mitzvotav, v’tzivanu al biur hameitz. </b></p>\n\n<p><b>Praised are You Adonai our God, who rules the universe, instilling in us the holiness of mitzvot by commanding us to remove all hameitz. After the search, recite:</b></p>\n\n<p><b>כָּל חֲמִירָא וַחֲמִיעָא דְּאִכָּא בִרְשׁוּתִי, דְּלָא חֲמִתֵּהּ וּדְלָא בִעַרְתֵּהּ וּדְלָא יְדַעְנָא לֵהּ, לִבָּטֵל וְלהֱוֵי הפְקֵר כְּעַפְרָא דְַארְעָא</b></p>\n\n<p><b>Kol hamira v’hamia d’ika virshuti, d’la hamiteih udla viarteih udla y’dana leih, libateil v’lehevei hefkeir k’afra d’ara.</b></p>\n\n<p><b> All hameitz in my possession which I have not seen or removed, or of which I am unaware, is hereby nullified and ownerless as the dust of the earth.</b></p>\n\n<p><b> Recitation of this declaration, and a similar one the following day, prevents us from violating the prohibition against hameitz (Exodus 13:7). </b></p>\n\n<p><b>In the morning, after the last meal of hameitz, leftovers are added to the crumbs gathered the previous night. These are burned or thrown out. This concludes the ritual of banishing hameitz from our dwellings. In the morning, recite: </b></p>\n\n<p><b>כָּלחֲמִירָא וַחֲמִיעָא דְּאִכָּא בִרְשׁוּתִי, דַּחֲזִתֵּ הּוּדְלָא חֲזִתֵּהּ, דַּחֲמִתֵּ הּוּדְלָא חֲמִתֵּהּ, דְּבִעַרְתֵּ הּוּדְלָא בִעַרְתֵּהּ, לִבָּטֵל וְלהֱוֵי הפְקֵר כְּעַפְרָא דְַארְעָא.</b></p>\n\n<p><b>Kol hamira vahamia d’ika virshuti dahaziteih udla haziteih, dahamiteih udla hamiteih, d’viarteih udla viarteih libateil v’lehevei hefkeir k’afra d’ara. </b></p>\n\n<p><b>All hameitz in my possession, whether I have seen it or not, whether I have removed it or not, is hereby nullified and ownerless as the dust of the earth.</b></p>",
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"body": "<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Les Dix Plaies d’Egypte </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>עשר מכות מצרים</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>1) 2) 3) Le Sang, les Grenouilles, et les Poux </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Les trois premières plaies comportent un enseignement essentiel : celui de l'importance d’être profondément reconnaissant envers ceux qui nous ont fait du bien. Cela peut sembler facile, naturel, évident même... mais il n'en est rien, au contraire : quand nous allons mieux et que nous avons surmonté nos difficultés, être face à ceux qui nous ont fait du bien nous rappelle aussi les peines que nous avons rencontrées. Cela peut raviver la tristesse, l'anxiété ou le doute que nous avons pu ressentir. Mais surtout, cela nous rappelle aussi que nous avons eu besoin d'aide pour sortir de cette situation difficile, que nous n'avons pas su le faire tout seul.<br />\nBref, cela peut nous mettre face à nos limites, nos insuffisances, voire parfois générer un sentiment de honte. Il faut donc souvent lutter contre nos mauvais penchants pour rétablir la vérité dans notre tête et notre cœur, et être profondément et sincèrement reconnaissant pour le bien qu'on a reçu.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Alors voyons en quoi ces 3 premières plaies - le sang, les grenouilles, les poux - rappellent l'importance du </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Hakarat</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Hatov</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Contrairement aux autres plaies qu’Hashem ordonna à Moshe </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Rabenou</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> de lancer contre les égyptiens,<br />\nces trois plaies furent l’objet d’un ordre différent. A chaque fois, Hashem parla à Moshe et lui ordonna de demander à Aharon d’accomplir lui-même ces plaies !</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Pour le sang et les grenouilles, Aharon devait frapper le Nil avec son bâton pour transformer toutes les eaux en sang et pour en faire sortir les grenouilles. Pour les poux, il devait cette fois frapper le sable pour qu’ils sortent !</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Rachi nous enseigne que Moshé ne pouvait pas être le déclencheur de ces plaies car le Nil l’avait protégé, lorsque bébé, sa sœur le déposa dans une corbeille et la mit sur le fleuve. De même, le sable l’avait sauvé lorsqu’il avait tué l’égyptien menaçant un juif, en ensevelissant le cadavre et protégeant ainsi Moshe </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Rabenou</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Ces deux épisodes rappellent donc l’importance fondamentale de la reconnaissance, à tel point que Moshe ne put être désigné pour mener à bien ces trois punitions.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Moshé </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Rabenou</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> ne put frapper le fleuve qui l’avait aidé 80 ans plus tôt, ni le sable qui l’avait protégé 40 ans auparavant ! </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Ce qui est étonnant, c'est que ces plaies sont des éléments minéraux, qui n’ont ni volonté propre ni libre arbitre ! Ils n’ont pas décidé d’aider Moshé mais ont été utilisés par Hashem pour le protéger !<br />\nSi Moshé les avait frappés, ils n’auraient rien ressenti et ne se seraient pas vexés !</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Combien devons-nous à plus forte raison être reconnaissant envers chaque personne qui nous aide, ne serait-ce qu’une seule fois, fut-ce de la manière la plus brève possible.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>La société contemporaine fait l'éloge de l'indépendance et de l'autonomie : les héros modernes n'ont besoin de rien ni personne. La gratitude n'est pas au programme. Comme c'est triste ! Comme il est bon de recevoir et comme il est doux de s'en souvenir !</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Je te souhaite, Hillel chéri, de recevoir beaucoup de </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Tov</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>... et d'avoir toujours cette capacité à t'en souvenir. Parce qu'après tout, reconnaître n'est-ce pas aussi </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>re-connaitre</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>, c'est-à-dire connaitre à nouveau ?<br />\nEt avoir ainsi le pouvoir de revivre le sentiment de bien-être que l'aide d'autrui nous a procuré, au moment où nous en avons eu le plus besoin…</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Avec toute mon affection, </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>Tata Julia</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>4) Les Bêtes Sauvages</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>La 4</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>ème</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> plaie consiste en une invasion de bêtes sauvages. Je sais qu’on dit ‘</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Hayot</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> pour bêtes sauvages<br />\net je m’interroge sur le nom de la plaie pour mieux en comprendre le sens. Que veut dire ‘</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Arov</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> ?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>La racine du mot rappelle la notion de « mélange » comme pour l’une des spécialités culinaires de Jérusalem (</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Me’ourav</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>). Consultons plutôt Rashi qui explicite : « </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>toutes sortes de bêtes féroces, et de serpents et des scorpions en masse désordonnée et elles détruisaient parmi eux</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> ». Il eut déjà été terrifiant de subir une invasion de lions du désert mais c’est certainement le « Mélange » de différentes espèces, animaux, reptiles ou insectes, qui ne pouvait représenter une calamité naturelle mais bien un redoutable châtiment divin.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>5) La Peste</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Avec la 5</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>ème</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> plaie, la Peste a provoqué la mort de troupeaux d’animaux. Je me suis demandé si la Torah faisait d’autres références à telle épidémie, et j’ai trouvé deux autres mentions de la Peste. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Lorsque Pharaon éconduit Moshe et Aharon après leur première requête amiable, ils lui répondent qu’ils souhaiteraient aller à 3 jours de marche dans le désert pour faire des sacrifices à Hashem « </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>de peur qu’il ne nous frappe par la Peste</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> ». Empêchés par Pharaon de réaliser ce projet, ce châtiment se retourne finalement contre le peuple de ce dernier. </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Mida</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Kenegued</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Mida</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>D’autre part, dans la </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Parasha</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Be’houkotaï</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>, la Peste est citée au chapitre 26 verset 25 comme l’une des malédictions menaçant les </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Bnei</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> Israel </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי דֶבֶר בְּתוֹכְכֶם</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>, « </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>Puis j’enverrai la Peste au milieu de vous</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> ». Comme pour les 10 plaies d’Egypte, cette malédiction est précédée par </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>הִשְׁלַחְתִּי בָכֶם אֶת-חַיַּת הַשָּׂדֶה</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>,<br />\n« </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>Je lâcherai sur vous les bêtes sauvages</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> ».</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span> </span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>6) Les Furoncles</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>À nouveau, en recherchant le sens des mots, et alors que les traducteurs de la Torah parlent tantôt de furoncles, de pustules ou d’ulcères, je recherche le sens de </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>She’hin</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>. Remercions Rashi qui étaie la traduction en « Inflammation » en expliquant que ce mot </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>She’hin</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> dénote la chaleur en donnant un exemple issu de la Mishna (« </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Shanat</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>She’huna</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> », une année chaude). Je souris en pensant au mot judéo-marocain « </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Sh’hena</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> » qu’utilisaient nos parents et grands-parents dans mes souvenirs de journées de canicule </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>J</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><br />\n<span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>7) La Grêle</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>La 7</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>ème</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> plaie a été abondamment commentée. Pour changer, portons notre attention sur le « </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Kaved</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Meod</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> » qui suit « </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Barad</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> » pour signifier que c’était là une grêle « très importante ». La Peste avait été annoncée de la même manière : « </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Dever</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Kaver</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Meod</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> ». J’ai recherché dans quelle autres circonstances ce même qualificatif est employé. Figurez-vous que symétriquement à ces deux occurrences de calamités « </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Kaved</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Meod</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> », la Torah use de la même expression pour les troupeaux accompagnant nos ancêtres à leur Sortie d’Egypte.<br />\nPas une mais là aussi, deux fois. En effet, quelques siècles plus tôt, </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Avraham</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> avait également quitté l’Egypte pour Canaan et dans </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Lekh</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Lekha</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> (13:2), on lit « </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> וְאַבְרָם, </span></span></span></span><u><span><span><span><span>כָּבֵד מְאֹד</span></span></span></span></u><span><span><span><span>, בַּמִּקְנֶה, בַּכֶּסֶף וּבַזָּהָב</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>»<br />\n(Or, Abram était </span></span></span></span><u><span><span><span><span>puissamment</span></span></span></span></u><span><span><span><span> riche en bétail, en argent et en or). Ainsi, pour deux des Plaies, les Egyptiens ont été punis avec la même importance que celle avec laquelle nos ancêtres auront été récompensés.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Mazal</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Tov</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> Hillel </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>Nathaniel</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>8) Les Sauterelles</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Pourquoi les égyptiens ont ils été frappés par cette plaie ?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Hachem les punissait ainsi </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Mida</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Kenegued</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Midda</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> pour avoir obligé les Juifs à semer leurs récoltes.<br />\nLes sauterelles dévoraient a présent tout ce que les </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Bnei</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> Israel avaient semé.<br />\nDe plus après la grêle, les Égyptiens crurent qu’ils pourraient profiter des fruits qui était tombé à terre lorsque les grêlons avait secoué les arbres. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Hashem envoya donc les sauterelles pour consommer tout ce qui restait de comestible et que la grêle avait projeté à terre. Pharaon se hâta d’appeler Moshe et Aaron et confessa : « </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>J’ai faute contre votre D. et contre vous. Pardonnez-moi seulement pour cette fois-ci et suppliez Hashem de nous débarrasser des sauterelles qui nous font mourir d’inanition</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> ».</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Lorsque Moshe pria, Hashem amena un fort vent d’ouest. D’un seul souffle, il emporta toutes les sauterelles et les projeta dans le Yam </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Souf</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>. Même les sauterelles que les Égyptiens avaient réussi à mettre en conserve dans des tonneaux disparurent avec les autres. Mais une fois la plaie passée, Hachem laissa le cœur de Pharaon s’endurcir, et celui-ci refusa de laisser partir les </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Bnei</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> Israel.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span> <span><span><span><span><span>Abigail </span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>J</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>9)</span></span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span><span>Les Ténèbres</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Ce </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Dvar</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> Torah porte sur la neuvième plaie d’Egypte: les </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Ténebres</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> (</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>חושך</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Je l’ai choisie car c’est à mon sens, la plus spéciale. Pourquoi ?</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Premièrement, elle n’a pas duré 7 jours comme les plaies précédentes, mais 6 car le 7</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>ème</span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> jour a été mis en réserve pour le moment où les Egyptiens ont poursuivi les </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Bnei</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> Israel au bord de la Mer Rouge, afin qu’ Hashem puisse les amener sur eux.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Deuxièmement, cette plaie résistait à tout : les Egyptiens eurent beau allumer des bougies ou des torches, l’obscurité persistait!</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Enfin, je trouve qu’elle a une dimension très spirituelle. Hashem aurait pu envoyer quelque chose de bien pire, mais non ! </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Bref, cette plaie est à l’image d’Hillel : spéciale et spirituelle </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>J</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Et vous, qu’en pensez-vous ? </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span> <span><span><span><span><span>Elisheva ;-)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>10)</span></span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span><span>La Mort des Premiers-nés</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Hillel n’est pas premier-né. Mais il est premier garçon de sa famille, et par sa maturité et sa bienveillance, il nous donne même l’impression que c’est lui l’aîné. Bref, intéressons nous à cette ultime plaie, la dernière qu’Hachem envoya sur l’Égypte .</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Dans la paracha « Bo » </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>(</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Shemot</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>, 12:29-30),</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> il est écrit : « Ce fut au milieu de la nuit, Hashem frappa tout premier-né dans le pays d’Égypte, depuis le premier-né de Pharaon, héritier de son trône, jusqu’au premier-né du prisonnier de la geôle, et tous les premiers-nés des animaux. Pharaon se leva de nuit, ainsi que tous ses serviteurs et tous les Égyptiens et ce fut une clameur immense dans l’Égypte, car il n’y avait pas de maison qui ne renfermait pas de mort. »</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>וַיְהִי בַּחֲצִי הַלַּיְלָה, וַיהוָה הִכָּה כָל-בְּכוֹר בְּאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, מִבְּכֹר פַּרְעֹה הַיֹּשֵׁב עַל-כִּסְאוֹ, עַד בְּכוֹר הַשְּׁבִי אֲשֶׁר בְּבֵית הַבּוֹר; וְכֹל, בְּכוֹר בְּהֵמָה. ל וַיָּקָם פַּרְעֹה לַיְלָה, הוּא וְכָל-עֲבָדָיו וְכָל-מִצְרַיִם, וַתְּהִי צְעָקָה גְדֹלָה, בְּמִצְרָיִם: כִּי-אֵין בַּיִת, אֲשֶׁר אֵין-שָׁם מֵת.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Rachi explique, sur les mots « Pharaon se leva » : De son lit. </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>וַי</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>ָּ</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>קָם</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> פַּ</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>רְעֹה</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>לַיְלָה</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Après avoir été frappé de 9 plaies, Pharaon fut prévenu par Moshe </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Rabenou</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> que le plus ravageur de tous les fléaux — la mort des premiers-nés — allait s’abattre sur l’Égypte. Quand cette promesse fut remplie, la Torah précise que Pharaon se leva, détail qui semble superflu ; Rachi nous informe qu’il se leva de son lit. Cette remarque, à première vue anodine, nous offre en réalité un enseignement de taille quant au comportement de Pharaon.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Le </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Sifré</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Tsadik</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> explique que la Thora vient attirer l’attention sur l’incroyable obstination de cet homme malveillant. Toutes les prédictions de Moshe quant aux terribles plaies s’étaient réalisées. Pharaon aurait donc dû grandement s’inquiéter quand Moshe l'avertit que les aînés allaient mourir cette nuit-là – en effet, il était lui-même premier-né. Cependant, résolu à ne pas se soumettre à la parole d’Hashem, il se persuada que rien n’arriverait et il alla dormir paisiblement, pour être finalement réveillé en sursaut !</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>La Torah nous enseigne qu’une seule autre personne fut capable de dormir en paix, alors que presque personne d’autre n’aurait pu en faire autant, compte tenu de la situation. Il s’agit d’</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Avraham</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Avinou</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>. Il reçut l’ordre d’Hashem de sacrifier son fils bien-aimé, </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Itshak</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Avinou</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>. La Torah nous informe qu’il se leva tôt ce matin-là pour accomplir le commandement de D.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Cette attitude est extraordinaire ! Le plus méritant d’entre nous aurait certainement été incapable de trouver le sommeil avant d’entreprendre une tâche si difficile ; on aurait probablement été tenaillé par l’angoisse, envahi et rongé par l’inquiétude, et l’on aurait, sans doute, passé la majeure partie de la nuit à prier.<br />\nMais </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Avraham</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> alla dormir.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Tandis que le sommeil de Pharaon témoigne de sa bassesse, celui d’</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Avraham</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> nous montre un autre aspect de sa grandeur impénétrable. Il ne comprenait pas pourquoi Hashem lui demandait de sacrifier son propre fils, d’autant plus qu’Il lui avait promis qu’</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Itshak</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> serait l’enfant qui hériterait du legs spirituel laissé par </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Avraham</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>. Pourtant, il avait une </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Menouhat</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Hanefesh</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> (sérénité) parfaite, parce qu’il était profondément convaincu qu’Hashem est tout-puissant et bienveillant et qu’il n’avait rien à craindre.<br />\nC’est pourquoi, il fut capable de dormir sachant pertinemment que rien de mal n’allait arriver.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Pharaon incarne la résistance, la raideur et le défi à l’autorité et à la logique, qui lui permirent de bien dormir malgré la catastrophe prévue. De ce mauvais exemple, nous apprenons les risques auxquels nous nous exposons en ignorant les messages qu’Hachem nous envoie – que ce soit à travers un miracle sauvant le peuple juif de ses ennemis, ou bien par des messages personnels qui nous enjoignent d’améliorer notre comportement.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Nous sommes également, à un certain degré, affectés par le fléau de Pharaon, nous restons souvent indifférents aux événements qui surviennent. L’exemple marquant de Pharaon peut nous aider – on l’espère – à remarquer ce défaut en nous-mêmes, et à essayer de nous réveiller spirituellement, d’avoir plus conscience du fait qu’Hachem communique avec nous. D’autre part, nous apprenons d’</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Avraham</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> la manière correcte de réagir quand on ne peut rien faire pour changer la situation dans laquelle nous nous trouvons – rester calme et serein, savoir et être convaincu que tout ce qu’Hachem fait est pour le bien. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Aujourd’hui, nous devrons prendre conscience que même si la situation est difficile, même si elle nous éloigne de ceux qu’on aime et empêche de grands événements, tout ce que fait </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Hakadosh</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>Baroukh</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> Hou est pour le bien ; cela ne nous réserve qu’un avenir meilleur.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:left;\"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Donc le mot d’ordre : restons optimistes et réjouissons nous de l’instant présent. </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Mazal</span></span></span></span> <span><span><span><span>tov</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span> Hillel !</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>",
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"body": "<p><b>Le premier mot de la haggada c’est מה . מה veut dire ‘quoi’. La valeur numerique est la suivante: מ40 ה5</b></p>\n\n<p><b>Adam. un homme: א 1 , ד4 מ40 </b></p>\n\n<p><b>Même valeur numérique que le מה, le questionnement est le propre de l’homme. Le coeur du sujet de la haggada est le questionnement, s’interpeller infiniment mais sans répétition, avec renouvellement.</b></p>\n\n<p><b>Dans la Haggada on parle de Rabbi Eliezer, Rabbi Yehoshoua, Rabbi Eleazar Ben Azaria, Rabbi Aquiba, Rabbi Tarfon, ensemble ils représentent l'assemblée la plus célèbre du Talmud dont Rabbi Akiba que le midrash considérait comme Moshe Rabinou. (Midrash relate que Moshe a écouté un cour du Rabbi Akiba et s'est exclamé “il est encore plus profond que moi”. Ils discutèrent toute la nuit du seder, leur élèves sont venus leur rappeler l’heure du kriat shema shel shacharit</b></p>\n\n<p><b>Problematique: Comment des maîtres de cette envergure ont pu se faire surprendre par le temps? Question : Quelle est l’heure du schéma du matin?</b></p>\n\n<p><b>Pas de réponse unique, plusieurs propositions: Quand la lumière commence à illuminer le ciel, quand la couronne solaire apparaît à l'horizon. Il faut trancher par la majorité. </b></p>\n\n<p><b>La lumiere </b></p>\n\n<p><b>Dans le récit de la haggada, s'agit-il de la lumière du ciel, ou de la lumière spirituelle? On peut être tenté de considérer que la lumière spirituelle, la sagesse qui se répand. Quelle est la source de cette lumière : Lors de la création du monde, il est écrit: que la lumière soit, et la lumière fut, sauf que problème,. Cette création est évoquée avant la création des luminaires, tel le soleil, la lune et les étoiles. Il s’agit de la lumière primordiale, différente de la lumière des astres, une lumière spirituelle. Le zohar en parle, lumière spirituelle, mise de côté par D’, Or Aganut, cachée, réservée pour les sages du peuple juif pour le future.</b></p>\n\n<p><b>On pourrait concevoir que la grandeur de ses sages était telle, leur questionnement est allé si loin qu'ils ont fait naître cette lumière spirituelle du début de la création.</b></p>\n\n<p><b>HIllel, qu'elle te donne le goût de t'interroger sans cesse non seulement le soir de la haggada avec entourés de tes parents, tes frères et soeurs, mais aussi plus tard quand tu seras attablés avec ta propre famille.</b></p>",
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"body": "<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Better Together: Hillel's Sandwich</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>by Laura Tomes and adapted by Michael Am Shalem</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span> </span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span> <span><span><span>As legend has it, the idea of eating two pieces of bread with something in between was invented by England’s </span></span></span><span><span>fourth Earl of Sandwich<span> (1718-1792). An avid gambler, the Earl couldn’t bear to leave the card table for as long as it took to eat a normal meal, and so invented this handy snack so that he could eat and gamble at the same time. Talk about multitasking!</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>Yet as nice as this story is, I think that anyone who has ever attended a Seder might argue that the earl wasn’t so innovative. </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span> <span><span><span>Long before the card tables of 18</span></span></span><span><span><span>th</span></span></span><span><span><span> century England, </span></span></span><span><span>Hillel <span>the Elder, the 1</span></span></span><span><span><span>st</span></span></span><span><span><span> century rabbi for whom our movement is named, argued that elements of the </span></span></span><span><span>Passover Seder<span>, including <i>maror</i> (bitter herbs) and <i>charoset</i> (sweet apples and nuts) should be placed in between two slices of matzah and eaten in a sandwich. When the temple stood, some Talmudic rabbis suggest, Hillel even included the <i>korban pesach</i>, the sacrificed Passover lamb, in his sandwich too. With the Temple destroyed, the lamb stopped being included as part of the meal. A shame - lamb, horseradish and apple chutney does sound pretty tasty.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>As with all innovations, Hillel’s sandwich raised some suspicion. The Talmud, in Tractate Pesachim, records a debate. <b>Whereas Hillel promoted eating of these elements in one go, other rabbis argued that each of these elements are separate and should be eaten separately.</b> They all have their own blessing as part of the Seder, and they all carry very different, even contradictory symbolisms. Matzah represents our hurried escape from Egypt and the dryness of the desert. The bitter herbs of <i>maror</i> remind us of the bitterness of slavery in Egypt. And <i>charoset</i>, with its chunky, mortar-like texture, tells both of the experience of slave labor, but also the sweetness of redemption. Don’t get these things confused, Hillel’s opponents said. Eat them separately. After all, as part of the Seder we don’t say a specific blessing for the sandwich, because we already made the blessings on each of its component parts. It’s just not necessary to add the extra step of also eating them together.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>But Hillel, of course, won the day, and we’ve been eating tasty horseradish <i>charoset</i> matzah combinations ever since. And there’s a nice symbolism here, I think. Hillel’s opponents are correct. These elements are contradictory. They do each have their own blessings. <b>But there’s something amazing that emerges when you get just the right combination of horseradish, sweet apples and crunchy matzah. The flavors not only complement each other, but enhance each other in ways that they could never achieve alone. </b>Complementary flavors and textures – it’s what gourmet cuisine is all about.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>Hillel was right. Different does not mean that things should be kept separate. <b>We stand proud of our differences, just as each item of the <i>korech</i>, the Hillel sandwich, each receives its own, distinct blessing. But each of these items can also come to life in a new way when we bring them together.</b></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span><span><span>We have seen many divisions emerging in the Jewish world. <b>My blessing for us all this </b></span></span></span><b><span><span>Pesach <span>is to embrace the possibility of true <i>korech</i> – real complement from difference.</span></span></span></b><span><span><span> The rabbis of the Talmud correctly observe that we don’t say a specific blessing on the Hillel sandwich. Maybe this year is the right year to start including one. May each of our Hillel sandwiches this year carry the blessing of reminding us of the power that can come from <i>makhlochet bein achim b’ahava</i> – debate between brothers out of love – love of the Jewish people, love of our tradition, and loving hope for peace and justice for all people everywhere.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span> </span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span><span>Zionist twist: May we have the opportunity to eat again the Hillel's Sandwich with the lamb, or may we start from now as we can consider the Zionist Entreprise as our redemption.</span></span></span></p>",
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"body": "<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>In essence it seems to be an expression of thanks. We thank God for every individual stage of the kindness He has shown our nation and declare that even if He would have done nothing more, we would have still appreciated it – that would have been enough. </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>Yet there is some irony in this because when we look at the fifteen stanzas of Dayenu and explore the context of each phrase, there is a theme that emerges which is the complete antithesis of gratitude. In fact, every</span></span><span><span><span> stanza of Dayenu<i> </i>corresponds to an incredibly gracious act God did for our people and their totally ungrateful response.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>Here are a few examples: We say “Had God just taken us out of Egypt it would have been enough.” However, in chapter one of the Book of Devarim, the Jewish people complain “It is because God hates us, that He has brought us out of the land of Egypt to deliver us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us.”</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>We declare, “If you just fed us the manna it would have been enough.” But it was not enough. Our ancestors said, “We loathe this bread we cannot stand it, where is our meat? We just want meat!” </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>“If you would have just given us the Egyptian’s wealth but not split the sea for us, Dayenu.” Do we need reminding of the outcry at the sea? The Jewish people fell apart shouting and screaming “were there not enough graves in Egypt that G-d had to bring us here to die?”</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><i><span><span>“</span></span></i><span><span>If You just brought us into Israel, it would have been enough,” but it was not. The people called Israel the land that eats up its inhabitants.”</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>By listing these fifteen events, what Dayenu actually illustrates, is that key moments in Jewish history when God demonstrated miracles and benevolence, were received with a shocking lack of gratitude!</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>Rabbi Dr Nachman Cohen in his ‘Historical Haggadah’ offers an insight which turns Dayenu on its head and uncovers the real relevance of singing it at the seder. He says that on seder night we look back on our national history, review our story and identify those moments, those gifts from God that our ancestors failed to acknowledge - and we give thanks now. What lies behind the words of Dayenu is a list of occasions which display the very opposite of gratitude on the part of our people. On Pesach we, the torch bearers of the Jewish nation, declare with a melodious song, that in truth – DAYENU - each of these things was enough to be exceedingly grateful for - so let’s set the record straight.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>Without gratitude we cannot be truly free, for if one is not able to express thanks for how they attained freedom then they remain enslaved to their ego. Therefore, gratitude and freedom exist hand-in-hand. </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>In 2008 a study published in the Journal of School Psychology analysed two hundred and twenty-one children aged eleven and twelve, who were asked to list five things they were grateful for every day for two weeks. It found they had a better outlook on school and greater life satisfaction three weeks later, compared with children who had been assigned to list five difficulties. The research suggests that the mere act of giving thanks has tangible benefits. Gratitude works like a muscle. Take time to recognise good fortune, and feelings of appreciation can increase.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span>The seder is an awesome educational experience and at its heart Dayenu is the tool that teaches the power of gratitude. </span><span><span>Pesach reminds us that to set ourselves free and to pass on the model of freedom to the next generation we need to look back at our lives and identify those who made all the difference - not just in the big moments but also very much in the ongoing small every-day things that we have come to expect and may have neglected to show our thanks for.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>One of my favourite stories is about Charles Plum, a United States jet fighter pilot in Vietnam. After seventy-five combat missions, his plane was destroyed by a missile. Plumb ejected and parachuted into enemy hands. He was captured and spent six years in a Communist prison but survived that ordeal and returned home. One evening Plumb and his wife were sitting in a restaurant, when a man at another table came up and said, “You’re Plumb! You flew jet fighters in Vietnam and you were shot down!”</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>“How in the world did you know that?” asked Plumb.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>“I packed your parachute,” the man replied, “I guess it worked!”</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>That night, Plumb could not sleep. He kept wondering what this man might have looked like in a sailor uniform. He wondered how many times he may have passed him on the ship and never acknowledged him. How many times he never said hello, good morning or how are you. Plumb was a fighter pilot, respected and revered, while this man was just an ordinary sailor. </span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>Plumb thought of the many lonely hours the sailor had spent on a long wooden table in the bowels of the ship carefully weaving the fabric together, making sure the parachute was just right and going to great lengths to make it as precise as can be, knowing that somebody’s life depended on it. Only then did Plumb have a full appreciation for what this man did. Now Plumb goes around the world as a motivational speaker asking his audience on each occasion this question: who is packing your parachute?</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>That is the melody of Dayenu. A song which encourages us to ask ourselves who has packed our parachute; to give thanks to the Almighty; to give thanks to everyone around us and to know above all, that if we missed thanking them previously the story of Pesach is that it is never too late to go back and do so now.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\"><span><span><span><span><span>Rabbi Eli Levin South Hampstead </span></span></span></span></span></p>",
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"body": "<p><span><span>The centrality of the exodus to our identity and narrative as Jews comes to the fore at Pesach, when we turn our lives upside down for 8 days with our dietary requirements and through the Seder where dedicate an entire evening to try to bring the story to life. </span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span>Yet we actually have commandments to remember the exodus every single day! The command to believe in God is linked to remembering Him as ‘the God who brought us out of Egypt’. The mitzvah of tefilin is also intrinsically linked: <span><span><span>And it shall be for a sign upon your hand and for ornaments between your eyes, for with a mighty hand did the Lord take us out of Egypt.” (13:16) . In addition the mitzvah of tzitzit that we recite twice a day in the shema contains a similar reference: “in order that you should remember”.</span></span></span></span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span>Surely remembering the giving of the Torah or even the creation of the universe are more profound and significant to us today? </span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span>Rashi points out that by always coming back to the exodus rather than creation, we generate a feeling of servitude to God out of eternal gratitude. We are continuously indebted to Him for taking us out. This relationship of appreciation is very different to one where The Creator demands obedience from His subjects.</span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span>The Kli Yakar (16<sup>th</sup> century) suggested that the exodus was mentioned in the ten commandments rather than creation as it was a more immediate historical event, less abstract for people to relate to, and expressed the epitome of eradicating any doubts in God. </span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span>R’Shimshon Raphael Hirsch offered a different perspective. Perhaps feeling the atheistic tones of Newtonian physics, which was being developed during his lifetime, he emphasised that the undertone of the Exodus is one of Divine care and compassion. Often in our helter-skelter world, it is difficult to feel the intentionality of what is happening to us; to unravel our destiny in the minute details of our everyday lives. Circumstances often feel random. When we go back to our beginnings, we see how God saved us with love and purpose, and this becomes a blueprint for Jewish survival over millennia.</span></span></p>\n\n\n\n<p><span><span>This blueprint is so critical that we recall it every single day. It is linked to the first commandment, thus framing the entire way we view God. <b>But on Pesach, our mission goes from ‘remembering’ to ‘telling’. </b>The art of storytelling is to vivify narrative, for the audience to feel that they are part of it, and to internalise the narrative. AS we jump like frogs around the table, sing our family favourites and carry matza on our backs, by osmosis we immerse ourselves into our ancestors’ narrative. But this retro time travel is far from static, it’s a dynamic process where we and all those around our Seder table become part of the ongoing Jewish narrative. By going back to our ancient beginnings, we consider how Divine kindness, compassion and destiny play out in our own lives.</span></span></p>\n\n<p><span><span>Rebbetzin Lauren Levin </span></span></p>",
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Crossing of the Red Sea
Haggadah Section: -- Cup #2 & Dayenu
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Passover Guide
Hosting your first Passover Seder? Not sure what food to serve? Curious to
know more about the holiday? Explore our Passover 101 Guide for answers
to all of your questions.